Jean-Pierre Falret (1794-1870), a French psychiatrist, spoke of the ‘folie circulaire’ or circular insanity as early as 1851. A few years later, in 1854, the Gallic neurologist Jules Baillarger (1809-1883) described the «double-form folie,» or double-form insanity. Both of them were referring to the «bipolar disorder», which was named as such in 1976 by the American psychiatrists David Dunner, Frederick Goodwin (1936-2020), and Elliot Gershon. The «bipolar disorder», which successively causes mood states of euphoria and depression, was already known in antiquity, although nobody called it that. Arateo of Capadocia (second century) describes it in considerable detail in his treatise «On the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases.» The pre-election Spanish economy, according to whoever judges it, seems to be afflicted with that bipolar disorder. Pedro Sánchez, his ministers, and their spokespeople proclaim the economic prosperity of Spain. They support their claims with recent data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), led by Bulgarian Kristalina Georgieva, who predicts that Spain’s GDP will grow by 2.7% in 2026, the largest increase among developed countries with larger economies. However, the IMF reduces that growth to 1.8% of GDP for 2027, regardless of whether there is a new government or a different tenant at the Moncloa. El organismo internacional, que ha tenido previsiones tan precisas como las de José Félix Tezanos en el CIS, estima que la deuda pública española disminuirá hasta el 89% del PIB en 2031. Aunque esto se expresa en términos porcentuales, en valor absoluto volverá a aumentar. Es importante tener en cuenta que el llamado ‘servicio de la deuda’, o sea los intereses, se paga sobre el monto nominal y no sobre el porcentaje.
Jean-Pierre Falret (1794-1870), a French psychiatrist, spoke of the ‘folie circulaire’ or circular insanity as early as 1851. A few years later, in 1854, the Gallic neurologist Jules Baillarger (1809-1883) described the «double-form folie,» or double-form insanity. Both of them were referring to the «bipolar disorder», which was named as such in 1976 by the American psychiatrists David Dunner, Frederick Goodwin (1936-2020), and Elliot Gershon. The «bipolar disorder», which successively causes mood states of euphoria and depression, was already known in antiquity, although nobody called it that. Arateo of Capadocia (second century) describes it in considerable detail in his treatise «On the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases.» The pre-election Spanish economy, according to whoever judges it, seems to be afflicted with that bipolar disorder. Pedro Sánchez, his ministers, and their spokespeople proclaim the economic prosperity of Spain. They support their claims with recent data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), led by Bulgarian Kristalina Georgieva, who predicts that Spain’s GDP will grow by 2.7% in 2026, the largest increase among developed countries with larger economies. However, the IMF reduces that growth to 1.8% of GDP for 2027, regardless of whether there is a new government or a different tenant at the Moncloa. El organismo internacional, que ha tenido previsiones tan precisas como las de José Félix Tezanos en el CIS, estima que la deuda pública española disminuirá hasta el 89% del PIB en 2031. Aunque esto se expresa en términos porcentuales, en valor absoluto volverá a aumentar. Es importante tener en cuenta que el llamado ‘servicio de la deuda’, o sea los intereses, se paga sobre el monto nominal y no sobre el porcentaje.
